An Investigation of Tourism, Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, Trade Openness and Energy Intensity Index Nexus: Evidence for the European Union

Tourism has become one of the most important sectors in many countries, significantly contributing to their economic growth and development. However, expansion tourism also brought about various environmental social challenges. The relationship between tourism, growth, trade openness, environment is diverse complex. objective this paper investigate international development index, GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, openness index as well energy intensity EU 27, over 1995–2019 period. A composite for was developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Panel Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach used reveal long- short-run impact on index. ARDL estimates confirm some our research hypotheses: at level there a but only few influences Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test confirms long-run feedback unilateral running from towards efficiency.